Sunday, May 3, 2009

Consumer Psychology

Whether it is in music, television, radio, movies, or print there will always be restrictions on what artists are allowed to show to the world. Not only has it affected everyone, but also brings up the question of whether the right things are being censored.

In wartime, explicit censorship is carried out with the intent of preventing the release of information that might be useful to an enemy.

US Senator Hiram Johnson said during World War I: “The first casualty when war comes, is truth.”

Changing the content of textbooks is often an issue of debates. The term "whitewashing " is used for removal of critical or damaging information from textbooks. The examples are Vietnam War, military atrocities in history, The Holocaust, or Bombing in Dresden. Deleting or denying history does not seem to be beneficial for anyone. Deleting the full details of war tortures and violence can be justified by intention of escaping traumatic negative impact on unprepared, undeveloped children's minds. Still, an understanding of the tremendous suffering should be emphasized and people’s misery not trivialized.

Scientific studies may also reach the public drastically changed in content and in meaning. A medication may be shown in a published study as beneficial, while the study fails to mention its harmful side effects. Some scientists reported pressure from the government to change their statements with regard to climate change. In these examples, changing information or failing to deliver it in full may be damaging for people and have serious and unforeseen consequences.

Censorship has a daily impact on our present day society, the news articles, television shows, radio broadcasts, and all other media formats. There are opinions and facts that support both sides of the gatekeeping controversy. Authors purposely create their work to express themselves and their opinions. As a consequence of censorship, the public is not able to receive the intended message. When altered, the message may have a different meaning.

The question is whether or not it can be clearly defined what should and what should not be allowed to be presented to the entire world in large. Also, it is questionable whether everything that is quelled due to its opposition to our own views, should be censored, and if young people should be aware of the acceptable things only. Young people and everyone else should read good and bad literature to be able to distinguish between the two and to build his or her own judgment in the respect of value. Everyone should also have the opportunity to be well informed. It is only a question of the extent and the grotesqueness of the information that should reach them. Some people believe that restricting a child's ability to reach their full intellectual potential is not worth the small chance that the music industry, media, and books can possibly have an affect on a child's personality, attitude, or behavior. It is evident that through schools, churches, the media, parents, the music industry, and other caregivers have the power to control what the youth of America is exposed to. This does not mean that it is always in the best interest of the child or a young teenager to be protected.
Still, bad literature can make a different impact on people than severely violent and a hard core movies which are understood by the very young audience as violent and may have traumatic effects on young brains.
Gatekeeping in news is more complex; it involves decisions about the amount of time and space given to a news event as well as where the story is placed. News filtering might be called news judgment. One of the important characteristics of journalism is its gatekeeping function. News gatekeepers are academically trained and have the professional experience required to recognize a news story and to see that it gets into print or on the screen. The gatekeepers reject a fairly large number of news stories because, in their judgment, they can be (among other things) not newsworthy or lacking in relevance to a particular audience.

Before publishing, media makers must have some limits, something that would not be published or seen in any media format that their child should not read about or see. This should be within the bounds of good taste. Although a definition of good taste varies, most people appear to have some intuitive sense of what a good taste is and what is not. And, that should be good for a start.

Movie Censorship is strictly the review by an authority of any material before publication or disseminatio
n, with the legal right to prevent, alter, or delay its appearance. The Classification and Ratings Administration (CARA) is now 40-years old. Jack Valenti invented it with the prime purpose of ratings to give parents information about movies. CARA reports that they only "reflect standards and not set standards". The change in ratings reflect how society has changed and the standards it accepts. The rating system is frequently accused that NC-17 gives far more N-17 for violence than for sex. The raters argue that violence NC-17s edit shortly after being muzzled and then get the top end of an R. Sex NC-17 s go to the press immediately before being edited because they love publicity.
By CARA, they would want someone famous, like Steven Spielberg, to go out and make NC-17, because that would, in their opinion, help rating system. That, by them, never happens.
Some people feel treated unfairly when the outcome does not fit their expectations. Kirby Dick, the author of This Film Is Not Yet Rated, fights for his point of view after his movie was rated as an NC-17. The entire investigation of Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), presented by and accentuated by Dick on behalf of independent (indi) filmmakers, seems exaggerated, presenting not only the organization and the system, but the individual raters as well in a negative light. According to Dick, the raters and the rating system are to be blamed for smacking the movies with an NC-17, discriminate, and don’t let people to see who they really are. Some do see Dicks’ documentary as entertaining and its scenes as well as the scenes in The Cooler, which was classified as an NC-17, as gentle reality. The NC-17 rating is based on violence, sex, aberrational behavior, drug abuse, or any other element that most parents would consider too strong and therefore off-limits for viewing by their children. The scene in “Bruno” offers the proof for the need for a rating system. It seems then that the system really works.
Photo Retouching is also one of the examples of gatekeeping. Photoshop effect impacts viewer mostly in a positive way. It’s nice to see beautiful faces and bodies and their perfection motivates others to work on their own looks. There are certainly some negative effects of displaying perfect looks in media. This perfection may impact our own self esteems; it may make us feel inadequate, hopeless and unaccomplished. Still, all these negative effects don’t’ appear to be too harsh.
On the other hand, the repercussions of NC-17 movie scenes can be disastrous. The children don’t need to see how “the world and people (some people) in it really are”. There are many different worlds and I believe that a majority of parents don’t want to introduce their children to the way of life that “Dick like” people want to present as “standards”. Children are not ready for the hard sex scenes. The sex scenes in “This Film is Not Rated Yet” are nothing less violent for the young minds than any brutal physical violence.
“Bruno” and other NC-17 rated movies hurt everybody, not only children. Movie rating, although not perfect, shields children from the offensive, traumatic, and premature learning. It also shields the public taste and prevents a social mess and decadence.

Should the internet be censored? It already is. The pop-ups can be blocked and if you try to open a no-no pages, you get punished with viruses that mess up your system so that you can hardly get rid of the entire mess. Pop-up blockers and viruses are your internet gatekeepers. What pornography really is can be endlessly debated. Child pornography should realert the need for censorship on the internet. ".. But if the porn industry finds no limits, it could perhaps reawaken the American taste for censorship. The very thought is anathema to most Americans. The danger is that it may be found more supportable than the worst conceivable outcome of the porno plague: a brutalizing of the American psyche that turns U.S. society into the world portrayed in A Clockwork Orange" (Time magazine, April o5, 1976).

Realizations:
Gatekeeping is unavoidable. It hasn't been clearly defined what should and what should not be allowed to be presented to the entire world. Gatekeeping, despite its imperfections is controlling public good taste and we all then share the gains and the losses.

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